• Comparative Politics (comparative democratization in developing countries, democracy and inequality, Latin American politics)
• Political Economy of Development (relationship between natural resources, stability, equity, and human rights, especially in oil-exporting countries)
• International Relations (resolution of civil wars, the global politics of human rights, and U.S. policy towards the developing world)
• Research Experience:Central and South America, Cuba, South Africa, West Africa, Italy, Eastern Europe

• Senior Fellow, Institute for International Studies
• Center for African Studies
• HAAS Public Service Center
• Center for Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law
• Center for Latin American Studies
• Program on International Relations

Advisory Committee and Consultant, Revenue Watch

Advisory Committee and Peer Consultant, United Nations Development Report, 2002.

Advisory Committee, Oil Watch, Open Society Institute, 2002.

Advisory Committee, Council on Foreign Relations Domestic Politics and American Foreign Policy Project, 1994-present, (Chair, Charleyne Hunter-Gault).

Research Council, International Forum for Democratic Studies, National Endowment for Democracy, 1994-present.

Editorial Board, Journal of Democracy, 1999-present.

Editorial Board, World Policy Journal, 1987-present.

Advisory Council, Helen Kellogg Institute for International Relations, Notre Dame University, 1992-2000.

Chair, Pre-Talks to End the Civil War in El Salvador, Washington, D.C., 1989 and consultant to Alvaro De Soto, Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations and chair of the peace talks for El Salvador for the United Nations, 1990-1992.

Social Science Research Council, Selection Committee, 1998, 1999.

"Group of Lisbon," Advisory Council for the European Commission.

Board of Directors, General Services Foundation, 1994-1997.

Board of Directors, Vesper Society, 1993-1996.

Board of Directors, CINTERANDES, 1994-1997.

Chair, Media Task Force, Latin American Studies Association, 1995 and 1993.

Consultant, MacArthur Foundation, 1996, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1990, 1988.

Consultant, Ford Foundation, 1992, 1990 and 1988.

Graduate:      
Classics in Comparative Politics
The Political Economy of Development
Comparative Democratization
Advanced Research Seminar on Comparative Politics
Latin America in Comparative Perspective

Undergraduate:
The Global Politics of Human Rights
European and American Approaches to Human Rights
Oil, Regime Change and Conflict
The Political Economy of Development
The Politics of Oil‑Exporting Nations
Comparative Democratization
Central American Politics

Teaching Awards:
Appointed William R. and Gretchen Kimball University Fellow in recognition of role as “exceptional intellectual and scholarly mentor of students,” 2002-2007.

Commencement Speaker for the Senior Class of 2004, chosen by the class, Stanford University, June 2004.

Outstanding Departmental Advising Award in Recognition of an Exceptional and Dedicated Undergraduate Advising Program, presented to Latin American Studies by the President of the University, 1998-1999.

Walter J. Gores Prize for Excellence in Graduate and Undergraduate Teaching, Stanford University’s Highest University Prize, 1997.

Alan Cox Medal for Faculty Excellence Fostering Undergraduate Research, 1994.

Stanford University Dean's Award for Excellence in Teaching, 1988-1989.

Books and Monographs:

Oil Wars (with Mary Kaldor and Yahia Said, eds), London: Pluto Press, 2007.Bottom of the Barrel: Africa’s Oil Boom and the Poor  (co-authored with Ian Gary). Catholic Relief Services Press. 2003 and www.cathlicrelief.org/africanoil.cfm. 103 pages. 

• French translation, 2003 and Portuguese translation, 2004. 
• Over 300,000 copies disseminated, including in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Congo-Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Sudan and other countries.
• Reviewed or covered in New York Times, Financial Times, Times of London, Los Angeles Times, Le Monde, Oil and Gas Journal, BBC World Service, etc.

The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States.  Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1997: 342 pages.

• Awarded Bryce Woods Prize for the Outstanding Book on Latin America in the Social Sciences and the Humanities, First Honorable Mention, Latin American Studies Association, 1998.
• Spanish Edition forthcoming with new chapter

The Limits to Competition (Co-authored with members of the Group of Lisbon of       the European Commission).  Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995: 225 pages.

• Awarded the "12 Stars Environmental Prize" from the European Union (EEC).

• German Edition, Luchterhand, 1997, Portuguese: Limites a Competicão.  Lisboa: Publicações Europa-America, 1995, second edition 1997, French (versions in French-Quebec, French-Belgium, and French-France): Limites a la Competivite.  Quebec: Boreal, 1995, Italian: I Limiti della Competitività.  Roma: Manifestolibri, 1995, Dutch: Grenzen aan de Concurrentie.  Brussel: VUBPress, 1994, Other translations in Spanish, Japanese, Swedish, Polish, Chinese and Arabic.

Journal Articles and Book Chapters:

“The Political Challenges of Escaping the Resource Curse,” in Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey Sachs,and Joseph Stiglitz, eds., Escaping the Resource Curse: Optimal Strategies and Best Practices for Oil and Gas Exporting Developing Countries, commissioned by the Earth Institute and the Initiative for Policy Dialogue of Columbia University and the Open Society Institute, New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

“From Democracy to Democratization and Back,” in Colin Crouch and Wolfgang Streck (eds.), A Diversity of Democracy: In Honor of Philippe C. Schmitter, London: Elsevier, 2007.

 “Understanding the Resource Curse,” in Svetlana Tsalik and Anya Schriffin (eds.),Covering Oil: A  Guide to Energy and Development.  New York: Open Society Institute, 2005.

“The Social and Political Consequences of Oil,” Cutler Cleveland, ed., Encyclopedia of Energy. San Diego: Elsevier, 2004. 

“The Vicious Cycle of Inequality in Latin America,” in Susan Eva Eckstein and Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley, (eds.), What Justice? Whose Justice? . Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.

 “Not on Your Vita:” The Relevance of Comparative Politics for Public Life, (American Political Science Association/Comparative Politics  Vol 14, No. 2 (Summer 2003), pp. 14-19.

“The Oil Trap,” TIQ, September, 2003.

“Democracia, Desarrollo, y Estado de Derecho,” Compiladores: Osvaldo Iazzetta, Guillermo O´Donnell y Jorge Vargas-Cullell, Democracia, desarrollo humano y ciudadanía. (Argentina: editorial Homo Sapiens, en coauspicio con el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD), 2003.

“The Nature of the Political Transition in El Salvador: Advances and Setbacks in Democratic Consolidation: A Comment,” in Cynthia Arnson, ed., El Salvador’s Democratic Transition Ten Years After the Peace Accord,” Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Reports on the Americas, NO.6, 2003.

“Comparing Modes of Transition to Democracy Between the East and the South,” (with Philippe Schmitter), Romanian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 2, Issue 1, April 2002.

“Democratic Governance for Human Development,” and “Deepening Democracy by Tackling Democratic Deficits,” United Nations Development Report 2002, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. (multi-authored manuscript: wrote portions of chapters 2 and 3).

“Economic Inequality and Democratic Instability,” Journal of Democracy 11, no.1, January 2000.

“The Venezuelan Revolution of 1958," in Jack Goldstone (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 2000.

"Democratization and Inequality in Latin America: Chile as a Test Case," in From Frei to Frei, Santiago, Chile: 2000.

“Crude Calculations: OPEC Lessons for Caspian Leaders,” in Robert Ebel and Rajan Menon, ed., Energy and Politics in Central Asia and the Caucasus. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000.

"Electoralism: Why Elections are not Democracy," in Richard Rose (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Elections. Congressional Quarterly Books, 2000.

“The Perils of Petroleum: Reflections on The Paradox of Plenty,” in Fueling the 21st Century: The New Political Economy of Energy, special edition of The Journal of International Affairs, vol. 53, no. 1,fall 1999.

“War Transitions Versus Peace Transitions,” in The Challenge of Democratic Transitions in Post-Conflict Situations, produced by the United Nations Institute for Training and Research and the Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland, Geneva: March 1999.

“State-Building and Petro-Revenues,” in The Geopolitics of Oil, Gas and Ecology in the Caucasus and Caspian Basin, Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies, May 1998.

“How Much Inequality Can Democracy Stand?  How Much Democracy Can Inequality Stand?”,in Larry Diamond and Abraham Lowenthal (eds.), Constructing Democracy in Markets: Comparing Latin America and Asia.  Washington, D.C.: International Forum for Democratic Studies, 1996.

“Democratization Around the Globe: Opportunities and Risks,(with Philippe Schmitter),  in Kenneth P. Jameson and Charles K. Wilber (eds.), The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment, Sixth ed.  McGraw Hill, 1996.  Also published in Michael T. Klare and Daniel C. Thomas (eds.), World Security: Challenges for a New Century.  New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994: 43-62.

"From an Iron Curtain of Coercion to a Paper Curtain of Concepts: Grounding Transitologists or Confining Students of Post-Communism?”(with Philippe Schmitter), Slavic Review 54, no.4 (Winter 1995).

 “Comparing Neo-Democracies: Origins, Trajectories, and Outcomes,” (with Philippe Schmitter),  in Leslie Elliott Armijo (ed.), Conversations About Democratization and Economic Reform: Working Papers of the Southern California Seminar.  University of Miami: North-South Center, 1995.

"Democracy in Central America," in Seymour M. Lipset et al. (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Democracy.  Washington: Library of Congress, Congressional Quarterly Books, 1995.

"Rómulo Betancourt" and "Oscar Arias," in Seymour Martin Lipset et al. (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Democracy.  Washington: Library of Congress, Congressional Quarterly Books, 1995.

"Democracy in Venezuela," in Seymour Martin Lipset et al. (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Democracy.  Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Congressional Quarterly Books, 1995.

"Modes of Transition in Latin America, Southern and Eastern Europe," (with Philippe Schmitter), in Geoffrey Pridham (ed.), Transitions to Democracy: Comparative Perspectives from Southern Europe, Latin America and Eastern Europe.  Aldershot, England: Dartmouth, 1995: 153-172.

"The Hybrid Regimes of Central America," Journal of Democracy 6, no. 3 (July 1995). 
Also published in Project Latin America 2000, Kellogg Institute series, Working Paper #5 (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame, 1994).

"The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far East Should They Attempt to Go?" (with Philippe Schmitter), Slavic Review 53, no. 1, (Spring 1994).

"The Venezuelan Petro-State and the Crisis of "Its" Democracy," in Jennifer McCoy et al. (eds.), Venezuelan Democracy Under Stress.  New Brunswick: Transaction Press, 1994.
"Mi A Demokrácia Es Mi Nem?," (with Philippe Schmitter), Beszélö, Uj folyam IV. évfolyam 11. szám, 1993. 

"What Democracy Is... and Is Not," (with Philippe Schmitter), in Marc F. Plattner and Larry Diamond, (eds.), The Global Resurgence of Democracy.  Washington, D.C.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. 
Also published in Geoffrey Pridham, Transitions to Democracy: Comparative Perspectives from Southern Europe, Latin America and Eastern Europe.  Aldershot, England: Dartmouth Press, 1995:  3-16.

"El Salvador's Negotiated Revolution," Foreign Affairs 71, no. 2 (Spring 1992).
"La revolución negociada de El Salvador," 9, núm. 32 (Argentina FLACSO, Abril 1992). América Latina Internacional.

"What Kinds of Democracies are Emerging in South America, Central America, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe?", (with Philippe Schmitter), in Peter Volten (ed.), Bound to Change: Consolidating Democracy in Central Europe.  New York:  IEWSS, 1992:  42-68.

"Modes of Transition in Southern and Eastern Europe and South and Central America," (with Philippe Schmitter), International Social Science Journal, no. 128, (1991): 269-284. 
Also published as "Les Modes de transition en Amérique Latine, en Europe du Sud et de l'Est," Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales, (Mai 1991), and "Modos de Transición en Europa del Sur, Europa del Este y América Latina," Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales, (mayo, 1991).

"Central America at the End of the Cold War," in George W. Breslauer, Harry Kreisler, and Benjamin Ward (eds.), Beyond the Cold War.  Berkeley: Institute of International and Area Studies, University of California, 1991.

"Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics, 23, no. 1, (October 1990): 1-23.      
 “El Salvador at the Crossroads:  Negotiations or Total War: Interview with Salvador Samayoa,” World Policy Journal (April 1989): 321-355.

“Hegemonistas y empresarios políticos: dependencia, democratización y cooperación en las Américas,” Estudios Internacionales num. 22 (abril, 1989): 183-223.  Also published as "Hégemonistes et entrepreneurs politiques: dépendence, démocratization et coopération dans les Amériques," Etudes Internationales 86, (avril, 1989).

"The Christian Democratic Party and the Prospects for Democratization in El Salvador," in Jan Flora & Edelberto Torres Rivas, (eds.), The Sociology of Developing Societies: Central America.  New York: Monthly Review Press, 1989: 140-164.

"Exporting Democracy: U.S. Electoral Policy in El Salvador," in Nora Hamilton et al. (eds.), Crisis in Central America: Regional Dynamics and U.S. Policy in the 1980s.  Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988:  173-192.

"Petroleum and Political Pacts," Latin American Research Review (January 1987): 63-94. 

"La Palma and Ayaguayo: Brief Peaceful Encounters in a Long Civil War," in Marvin Gettleman et al. (eds.), El Salvador: Central America in the Cold War.  New York: Grove Press, 1986:  404-434.

 "Imposing Consent:  Electoralism Versus Democratization in El Salvador" in Paul Drake and Eduardo Silva (eds.), Elections in Latin America.  University of California, San Diego, 1986:  9-36. 

"Regional Powers and Central American Peace:  Mexico, Venezuela, and the Contadora Initiative," in Morris Blachman, William LeoGrande, and Kenneth Sharpe, (eds.), Confronting Revolution: Security Through Diplomacy in Central America.  New York: Pantheon Press, 1986:  271-291.

"The Logics of Hegemony: The United States as a Superpower in Central America," (with Richard R. Fagen), in Jan Triska (ed.), Dominant Powers and Subordinate States: The United States in Latin America and the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe.  North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1986:  218-238.

"El Salvador after La Palma," Debate With Edward Herman, World Policy Journal (Summer 1985): 587-592.

"After La Palma:  Christian Democracy, U.S. Policy, and the Prospects for Democratization in El Salvador," World Policy Journal (Winter, 1985): 305-330.

"Petroleum and Political Pacts: The Transition to Democracy in Venezuela," in Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Latin America.  Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.

"Democracy by Design: The Christian Democratic Party in El Salvador," in Giuseppe DiPalma and Laurence Whitehead (eds.), The Central American Impasse (London: Croom Helm Publishers, 1985: 305-330.

Legal Publications and Briefs:

Romagoza et al. v. Generals Garcia and Vides Casanova. Expert Witness Legal Brief and Expert Testimony on equitable tolling of the statute of limitations, holding that the statute of limitation should not begin to toll at least until the signing of the peace agreements in 1992 or until other signs of regime change. No. 02-14427, Docket NO. 99-08364When the Court of Appeals reversed its former ruling and accepted this date for equitable tolling, this was called by New York Times and Miami Herald an “unprecedented reversal”of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals and a major human rights ruling, January 2006. available at www.cja.org

Chavez et al. v. Colonel Carranza. Expert Witness Legal Brief and Testimony for civil action, holding that former Vice Minister of Defense and Director General of the Treasury Police is responsible for gross and systematic violations of human rights, including murder and torture, committed between 1979-1983. First jury finding of “crimes against humanity” in a command responsibility trial in the U.S., Memphis, Tennessee, November 2005. available at www.cja.org

Doe v. Saravia. Expert Witness Legal Brief and Testimony for civil action, holding that Captain Saravia and others, including top leaders of El Salvador, conspired to murder Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero of El Salvador. One of few findings of “crimes against humanity” in U.S., Fresno, California, 2004. available at www.cja.org Romagoza et al. v. Generals Garcia and Vides Casanova. Expert Witness Legal Brief and Testimony for civil action 99-8364, holding that former ministers of defense of El Salvador are responsible for gross and systematic violations of human rights committed between 1979-1988. First jury trial in U.S. finding liability of commanders for torture under the doctrine of command responsibility, West Palm Beach, 2002. Upheld by 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, January 2006 

Colombia:  The Impact of Oil Development on the U’wa People,. Expert Witness Legal Brief submitted to the Consejo del Estado, Bogota, Colombia, August 2000 in the U’wa People versus Occidental Petroleum, holding that oil exploration in U’wa territories is linked to the rise of environmental damage, human rights abuses, and corruption. 80 pages.

Temporary Haven From Unstable Conditions: The Case for the Extension of Temporary Protected Status for Salvadorans, Report to Attorney General William P. Barr, submitted with Central American Refugee Center (CARECEN), New York  April 20, 1992 holding that Salvadorans should be given protected status in the United States.

"Conditions of Minors in INS Detention in South Texas," Interim Report from the Center for Latin American Studies Working Group on Children in INS Detention, (1991). 

Brief prepared for Cañas-Segovia versus Immigration and Naturalization Services, 902 F.2d 717 (9th Cir. 1990) holding that a refusal to serve in the military for reasons of conscience may form the basis of a claim to political asylum under the 1980 Refugee Act, (currently before the U.S. Supreme Court).

Brief prepared for Ramirez Rivas versus Immigration and Naturalization Services, 899 F.2d 864 (9th Cir. 1990), rejects U.S. government's argument that assassination, torture and disappearance constitute legitimate governmental prosecution rather than persecution. My prepared affidavits were singled out by the 9th Circuit Court for being a central basis for rejecting the U.S. government's position.

"Civilians at Risk in El Salvador," (9th Cir. 1989). Documents country conditions in El Salvador for non-refoulement argument based on the Geneva Accords/International Law.

"Cultural Bias in the Courts" in The Impact of Cultural Factors on Credibility in the Asylum Context.  Stanford University:  A joint publication of the Stanford Law School/Immigration Legal Resource Center and the Father Moriarity Refugee Project, 1988: 35-41.

Preparation of approximately 250 affidavits for political asylum hearings for Central American refugees.

Selected Policy Publications, Congressional Testimonies, Reports and Opinion Pieces:

“Transparency of Extractive Industries,” Testimony to the full Committee of the United States House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, October 25, 2007.

“Bush’s Second Gulf Crisis,” opinion piece published in 30 newspapers around the world and 13 languages, including Bulgarian, Chinese, French, Greek, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Ukrainian, 2005.